Deforestation and Restoration Targets Tracker (Beta)

Last Updated on April 4, 2024

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Forests are a significant ecological and economic resource that sequester carbon and provide habitat for wildlife and livelihoods for communities, among other roles. Over the past decade, various pledges and commitments have recognized the important roles of forests and the devastating consequences of ongoing deforestation. Governments have pledged to restore forests, halt deforestation and reverse land degradation numerous times, and at COP26 in 2021, governments and companies promised to halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030.

However, these ambitious pledges are not backed by the information needed to monitor and deliver on these promises, which limits accountability. Information is lacking, including basic maps on exactly where restoration is happening. And in the years since these pledges were made, their impact has not been adequately monitored, leaving a lingering question of how much progress is being made. Among other challenges, the lack of consistent definitions, data sources, reporting frameworks and baselines has made it difficult to hold pledge makers accountable. A globally consistent approach is needed to follow progress — or the lack thereof — on the pledged targets to answer the urgent question: is the world on track to stop deforestation and meet forest restoration targets?

The Global Forest Review’s Beta Targets Tracker aims to address this information gap by reporting progress using standardized definitions and geospatial data around two measurable global targets that represent the distillation of multiple global forest pledges:

  1. End deforestation by 2030, tracked by measuring a proxy for deforestation against a baseline average deforestation rate from 2018-2020.  
  2. Restore 350 million hectares (Mha) of lost and degraded forests by 2030, tracked by measuring tree cover gain against the area of tree cover in the year 2000 as a proxy for restoration. 

The Tracker assesses whether the global community and regions critical for achieving these targets are on track, off track or moving in the wrong directionSee the FAQ for more information about how the Tracker complements the Forest Declaration Assessment and other forest monitoring efforts.

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Global Target: End deforestation by 2030

Off track: We are not on track to end deforestation by 2030

In 2023, global deforestation persisted despite needing a 10% annual reduction to reach zero deforestation by 2030. The global deforestation rate in 2023 was 2% higher than the baseline from 2018-2020. Thus, we are off track to meet this target. Learn more about recent findings based on the latest data. 

How we measure deforestation

Deforestation is the conversion of natural forest cover to new, non-forest land uses. Our tree cover loss data  includes some forms of loss that do not meet this definition of deforestation, so we use a subset of tree cover loss as a proxy to better meet this definition. Specifically, we use tree cover loss where the dominant driver of loss is small-scale agriculture into humid tropical primary forest, as well as all loss driven by urbanization and commodity-driven deforestation. See the FAQ for more details on measuring deforestation. 

Other relevant indicators include the loss of humid tropical primary forests and global tree cover loss, which show a 3.4% decrease and 13.4% increase respectively in 2023 relative to the baseline average level of loss from 2018-2020. The rate in primary forest loss is still almost two million hectares above the level needed, so this also suggests we are nowhere near the reductions required to end deforestation by 2030. The deforestation proxy and the two additional indicators all show that the rate in 2023 fell short of the 10% annual reduction needed to end deforestation by 2030, meaning that the off-track assessment is not simply due to a particular proxy or indicator of deforestation. 

While some degradation is included in the deforestation proxy, degradation of forests is not fully tracked and accounted for by the Tracker. Forest degradation is an ongoing problem that can have significant implications for biodiversity, carbon storage and other ecosystem services that forests provide. However, degradation is difficult to measure and track using data derived from satellite imagery. Part of this is due to the difficulty of defining it, and although a number of definitions exist, they are not easy to match to metrics derived from satellite imagery. Better monitoring systems are needed to track degradation to ensure that we go beyond ending deforestation by also maintaining and improving forest integrity over time. See the Forest Degradation Indicator for more information.

 
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FAQ: More about the Targets Tracker

The Targets Tracker uses satellite-based geospatial data to measure progress towards shared global deforestation and forest restoration targets.  Where possible, the Tracker builds on existing progress monitoring efforts, such as the Forest Declaration Assessment. The Tracker is not meant to replace official progress monitoring, but instead to supplement country-led monitoring with independent, globally consistent data that provides additional transparency and accountability.

The Tracker focuses on two targets that represent the distillation of multiple global forest pledges into measurable objectives: to end deforestation by 2030, and to restore 350 Mha lost and degraded forests by 2030. (See sections on How is deforestation estimated and How is restoration estimated of lost and degraded forests.) At this point, the Tracker focuses on deforestation and forest restoration but cannot attribute those activities to particular interventions or actors such as corporations, who often have their own forest-related commitments. The Tracker also does not attempt to assess actions such as recent programs or other interim steps taken by governments and other actors to meet the targets. As such, there may be important groundwork being done that is critical to achieving impact, but that may take years to show up as progress in the Tracker. Many global commitments also include social goals related to Indigenous rights and gender equity; we acknowledge that these are just as important as the biophysical indicators tracked here, but currently lack the data for meaningful assessment of progress on those goals.

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Forests are critical for people and the planet, but they are being lost at alarming rates. They are a significant ecological and economic resource that provide habitat for animals and livelihoods for communities. They sequester carbon, regulate the climate, filter air and water, and provide food, medicine, fuel and shelter for Indigenous peoples and communities near and far.

For forests to maintain these roles, there needs to be a shared vision where deforestation has been halted, natural ecosystems are no longer destroyed to make space for commodities and infrastructure, forested lands sequester sufficient carbon for global climate goals, and local land rights and biodiversity are protected. 

Numerous voluntary pledges and commitments underpinned by political will have recognized this shared vision, but most have not produced sufficient progress in terms of tree cover change. In general, with variable reporting frequency, definitions and data sources, accountability by those making pledges has been limited. The Targets Tracker aims to do this by providing operational definitions, data sets and a timely shared understanding of progress.

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The Targets Tracker uses two data sets on tree cover extent in the year 2000 as a proxy for forests, and measures progress against these baselines. Tree cover extent is defined according to both of these data sets, and thus is slightly different for each target. For the target to end deforestation by 2030, forests include all tree cover above five meters and greater than 30% canopy density.Hansen et al. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244693 For the shared target to restore lost and degraded forests, forests include all tree cover of five meters in height and above, with no set minimum canopy density threshold.Potapov et al. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.856903 Both are based on land cover and do not account for land use or distinguish between natural and planted forests. This is a biophysical definition of forests that does not necessarily align with national or global definitions. However, the Targets Tracker uses a proxy for deforestation that limits the inclusion of temporary losses or losses in planted forest, and thus more closely aligns with the definition of deforestation (see How is deforestation estimated for more information).

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The targets tracker establishes a baseline rate of change in forest extent for each target to measure progress against. For the target to end deforestation by 2030, the most recent year of deforestation in the forest extent is compared to the average deforestation level from the years 2018-2020 (the same baseline period that the Forest Declaration Assessment uses). This baseline period was selected to smooth out single-year anomalies but does not extend back to 2017, when deforestation spiked due to extensive fires. With 10 years between when the pledges were developed in 2020 and the goal of zero deforestation in 2030, an annual 10% reduction in the baseline rate is needed to reach the target.

For the target to restore 350 Mha of lost or degraded forests by 2030, we use a baseline forest area of 4,122 Mha of tree cover in 2000  and compare that to a target of 4,472 Mha of forests in 2030 (an additional 350 Mha of forest). We use the average annual gross increase in tree cover from 2000-2020 to assess whether progress is sufficient to meet this target. A longer baseline period (2000-2020) was used for the restoration target in comparison to the baseline period for the deforestation target (2018-2020) due to data limitations of the tree cover gain data, which is only available as cumulative gain over five-year time intervals from 2000 to 2020. Given that forest gain is a gradual process, the longer baseline accounts for the time lag that would be expected between seedling establishment and satellite detection of crown cover. While forest gain is more difficult to detect from satellite imagery over short intervals in general,  current research efforts to map forest gain globally on an annual basis may support adjustment of the baseline in future updates.

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Deforestation continues to be difficult to track with globally consistent data sets. Deforestation typically means a conversion of natural forests to another non-forested land cover, and there are inherent delays in confirming whether loss detected in satellite imagery is temporary or permanent. Deforestation in the Targets Tracker is estimated with a proxy that uses two additional data setsCurtis et al. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3445 ; Turubanova et al. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacd1c to filter tree cover lossHansen et al. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244693 in order to only include the types of losses that are likely to represent deforestation. This proxy includes gross tree cover loss from the expansion of small-scale agriculture into humid tropical primary forests, commodity-driven deforestation, and urbanization.Hansen et al. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244693 ; Curtis et al. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3445 ; Turubanova et al. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacd1c Anthropogenic fires, a common form of forest disturbance across the tropics, typically occur within commodity and small-scale agriculture-driven deforestation. This proxy is designed to limit the inclusion of temporary losses or losses in planted forest.

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Forest restoration is estimated using a proxy of tree cover gain. Tree cover gain is defined as woody vegetation that grew from a height of less than five meters in 2000 to a height of greater than or equal to five meters in 2020.  What is observed as gain could potentially include natural forest growth, human-assisted restoration, regeneration after natural disturbances or land abandonment, or the establishment or rotation cycle of tree plantations. Tree cover gain is therefore an imperfect proxy for — and likely an overestimate of — forest restoration since some of these dynamics are not typically considered to be restoration. On the other hand, the time it takes for forest restoration to be detected by satellites can vary by forest type, environmental conditions and biome, potentially resulting in a lag in detection of forest regrowth and therefore underestimation. Also, different countries have differing definitions of forest, and a country’s definition could be based on a minimum height threshold that is lower than five meters.

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Governments and other entities that have made pledges to international restoration initiatives like the Bonn Challenge have typically identified a broad range of interventions to restore productivity to degraded lands, not all of which involved growing trees. While tree-based restoration interventions are the most prominent, they are not exclusive to most restoration strategies. But due to the lack of a globally consistent method for monitoring non-tree-based restoration, these types of interventions (e.g., soil and water conservation, grassland management) are not included in the beta version of the Targets Tracker until more research and data can be developed to accurately assess their progress. As such, we measure forest restoration as a proxy for all types of forest and landscape restoration in this Targets Tracker. To measure forest restoration, we use a best-available proxy of tree cover gain, recognizing the limitations of this proxy. For more detail on the use and limitations of tree cover gain as a proxy, see the section How is forest restoration estimated.

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Measuring progress on restoration is difficult for several reasons. International commitments that use “hectares under restoration” as the indicator of progress, such as the Bonn Challenge and New York Declaration on Forests, are difficult to monitor because the definition of “under restoration” varies across countries. The lack of a global definition of “hectares under restoration” gives countries flexibility to define it within their national context, but it also makes it very challenging to monitor how these inconsistently defined (or undefined) areas contribute to global restoration progress.

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For the shared target to end deforestation by 2030, on track means that the annual rate of deforestation is declining at a sufficient rate to reach zero by 2030, calculated as a 10% annual decrease from the baseline (average rate from 2018-2020). We use a linear rate for simplicity, but annual progress may be faster initially, then slower as the deforestation target is closer to being achieved and only difficult to curb deforestation remains. Off track means that the rate of loss is declining, but not at the rate needed. Wrong direction means that deforestation is increasing. New annual data will continue to be measured against the pathway to zero deforestation calculated from the 2018-2020 baseline. 

For the shared target to restore lost and degraded forests, on track means that the average annual rate of tree cover gain is sufficient to reach 350 Mha of restored lost and degraded forests by 2030. Off track means that the average annual rate of tree cover gain is not sufficient to meet the 2030 target. Wrong direction means that no gain is happening. While we do not currently have annual data on tree cover gain, new data being developed by the University of Maryland will allow us to track gain on an annual basis in future versions of the target tracker.

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Other systems also track forest-related commitments. Among the most comprehensive is the Forest Declaration Assessment (FDA), which tracks not just loss and gain of forest area but also finance, governance and production systems. To the extent possible, the FDA and this Tracker use aligned data and methods to track deforestation, for example, using the same tree cover loss data, the same definition of deforestation and the same baseline period. Thus, the FDA and the Targets Tracker are complementary: The Targets Tracker provides an early assessment of progress as soon as data becomes available, while the FDA provides a more in-depth study of causes and enabling conditions underlying observed trends.

The FDA and this Tracker are also aligned in the general approach to tracking progress towards restoration targets, though there are some differences. Both this Tracker and the FDA use the same data to track tree cover gain from 2000-2020. However, the FDA also uses Roe et al. 2021  to estimate the cost-effective restoration potential by country. Because Roe et al. estimates a cost-effective potential that is lower than the agreed-upon global target (295 Mha by 2050 vs. 350 Mha by 2030), this Tracker uses just the global restoration target of 350 Mha.

Individual countries also monitor deforestation and report it through national products or to multilateral organizations, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). A comparison of Global Forest Watch and FAO’s Forest Resources Assessment can be found here. National forest monitoring systems use their own definitions of forest and deforestation and have distinct methods and are not necessarily comparable to the analyses in this Tracker.

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This is our first attempt to use remote sensing-based data to explicitly measure progress towards global goals. We recognize that the methods used here do not always perfectly align with the language of those goals or other commonly used definitions, but we believe they are currently the best methods to represent the spirit of these commitments that can be consistently monitored at various spatial scales. Your input can help us continue to improve the Tracker in the future – please contact us with any feedback at gfw@wri.org.

We plan to update the data used in the Tracker in future versions in response to feedback and data improvements. For example, upcoming versions of the tree cover loss and gain data will provide a consistent view of annual net forest change. We also are continuing to work with partners to align common definitions of forest cover, deforestation and restoration with current capabilities of remote sensing-based data. These updates will likely result in some changes to the current Tracker results, though they are unlikely to change the overall assessment of progress. 

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This table outlines many of the key commitments related to the Tracker’s shared targets. It is not intended to be a comprehensive list and excludes commitments that are older, regionally specific or targeted towards specific actors (e.g., companies) or certain aspects of forest ecosystems (e.g., the preservation of biodiversity or the reduction in carbon emissions).

Goal             

Commitment

Year Adopted

Number of Signatory countries

Bonn Challenge

Restore 150 million hectares by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030.  

2011 

74 

Glasgow Declaration

End forest loss and land degradation by 2030.

2021

141

New York Declaration on Forests, Goal 1 

End the loss and degradation of natural forests by 2030.

2014

39

New York Declaration on Forests, Goal 5

Increase global restoration of degraded landscapes and forestlands to restore and maintain 350 million hectares of landscapes and forestlands by 2030.

2014

39

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Target 2

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 percent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration, in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, ecological integrity and connectivity.

2022

196

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Target 3

Ensure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 percent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories, where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities including over their traditional territories.

2022

196

United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests, Global Forest Goal 1.1

Forest area is increased by 3 percent worldwide by 2030.

2015

22

United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests, Global Forest Goal 1.3

By 2030, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally.

2015

22

United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15.1

By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements.

2015

193

United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15.2

By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally.

2015

193

United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15.3

By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and flooding, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world.

2015

193

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Different international agreements have established distinct commitments. While they all differ in their particulars and can be tracked with different data, they do have some commonalities. The Targets Tracker is based on elements shared by many of the commitments, such as elimination of deforestation by 2030 and restoration of a specified area of forest or land in general.

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Dark surfaces absorb the rays from the sun (low albedo).\r\n"},"94":{"name":"biodiversity intactness","description":"The proportion and abundance of a location\u0027s original forest community (number of species and individuals) that remain.\u0026nbsp;\r\n"},"95":{"name":"biodiversity significance","description":"The importance of an area for the persistence of forest-dependent species based on range rarity.\r\n"},"142":{"name":"boundary plantings","description":"Trees planted along boundaries or property lines to mark them well.\r\n"},"98":{"name":"carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)","description":"Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is a measure used to aggregate emissions from various greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the basis of their 100-year global warming potentials by equating non-CO2 GHGs to the equivalent amount of CO2.\r\n"},"99":{"name":"CO2e","description":"Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is a measure used to aggregate emissions from various greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the basis of their 100-year global warming potentials by equating non-CO2 GHGs to the equivalent amount of CO2.\r\n"},"1":{"name":"deforestation","description":"The change from forest to another land cover or land use, such as forest to plantation or forest to urban area.\r\n"},"77":{"name":"deforested","description":"The change from forest to another land cover or land use, such as forest to plantation or forest to urban area.\r\n"},"76":{"name":"degradation","description":"The reduction in a forest\u2019s ability to perform ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and water regulation, due to natural and anthropogenic changes.\r\n"},"75":{"name":"degraded","description":"The reduction in a forest\u2019s ability to perform ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and water regulation, due to natural and anthropogenic changes.\r\n"},"79":{"name":"disturbances","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"68":{"name":"disturbed","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"65":{"name":"driver of tree cover loss","description":"The direct cause of forest disturbance.\r\n"},"70":{"name":"drivers of loss","description":"The direct cause of forest disturbance.\r\n"},"81":{"name":"drivers of tree cover loss","description":"The direct cause of forest disturbance.\r\n"},"102":{"name":"evapotranspiration","description":"When solar energy hitting a forest converts liquid water into water vapor (carrying energy as latent heat) through evaporation and transpiration.\r\n"},"2":{"name":"forest","description":"Forests include tree cover greater than 30 percent tree canopy density and greater than 5 meters in height as mapped at a 30-meter Landsat pixel scale.\r\n"},"3":{"name":"forest concession","description":"A legal agreement allowing an entity the right to manage a public forest for production purposes.\r\n"},"90":{"name":"forest concessions","description":"A legal agreement allowing an entity the right to manage a public forest for production purposes.\r\n"},"53":{"name":"forest degradation","description":"The reduction in a forest\u2019s ability to perform ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and water regulation, due to natural and anthropogenic changes.\r\n"},"54":{"name":"forest disturbance","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"100":{"name":"forest disturbances","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"5":{"name":"forest fragmentation","description":"The breaking of large, contiguous forests into smaller pieces, with other land cover types interspersed.\r\n"},"6":{"name":"forest management plan","description":"A plan that documents the stewardship and use of forests and other wooded land to meet environmental, economic, social, and cultural objectives. Such plans are typically implemented by companies in forest concessions.\r\n"},"62":{"name":"forests","description":"Forests include tree cover greater than 30 percent tree canopy density and greater than 5 meters in height as mapped at a 30-meter Landsat pixel scale.\r\n"},"69":{"name":"fragmentation","description":"The breaking of large, contiguous forests into smaller pieces, with other land cover types interspersed.\r\n"},"80":{"name":"fragmented","description":"The breaking of large, contiguous forests into smaller pieces, with other land cover types interspersed.\r\n"},"74":{"name":"gain","description":"The establishment of tree canopy in an area that previously had no tree cover. Tree cover gain may indicate a number of potential activities, including natural forest growth or the crop rotation cycle of tree plantations.\r\n"},"143":{"name":"global land squeeze","description":"Pressure on finite land resources to produce food, feed and fuel for a growing human population while also sustaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services.\r\n"},"7":{"name":"hectare","description":"One hectare equals 100 square meters, 2.47 acres, or 0.01 square kilometers and is about the size of a rugby field. A football pitch is slightly smaller than a hectare (pitches are between 0.62 and 0.82 hectares).\r\n"},"66":{"name":"hectares","description":"One hectare equals 100 square meters, 2.47 acres, or 0.01 square kilometers and is about the size of a rugby field. 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This type of restoration is more likely in deforested or degraded forest landscapes with moderate population density (10\u2013100 people per square kilometer). "},"86":{"name":"natural","description":"A forest that is grown without human intervention.\r\n"},"12":{"name":"natural forest","description":"A forest that is grown without human intervention.\r\n"},"63":{"name":"natural forests","description":"A forest that is grown without human intervention.\r\n"},"144":{"name":"open canopy systems","description":"Individual tree crowns that do not overlap to form a continuous canopy layer.\r\n"},"82":{"name":"persistent gain","description":"Forests that have experienced one gain event from 2001 to 2016.\r\n"},"13":{"name":"persistent loss and gain","description":"Forests that have experienced one loss or one gain event from 2001 to 2016."},"97":{"name":"plantation","description":"An area in which trees have been planted, generally for commercial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\r\n"},"93":{"name":"plantations","description":"An area in which trees have been planted, generally for commercial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\r\n"},"88":{"name":"planted","description":"A forest composed of trees that have been deliberately planted and\/or seeded by humans.\r\n"},"14":{"name":"planted forest","description":"Stand of planted trees \u2014 other than tree crops \u2014 grown for wood and wood fiber production or for ecosystem protection against wind and\/or soil erosion.\r\n"},"73":{"name":"planted forests","description":"Stand of planted trees \u2014 other than tree crops \u2014 grown for wood and wood fiber production or for ecosystem protection against wind and\/or soil erosion."},"148":{"name":"planted trees","description":"Stand of trees established through planting, including both planted forest and tree crops."},"149":{"name":"Planted trees","description":"Stand of trees established through planting, including both planted forest and tree crops."},"15":{"name":"primary forest","description":"Old-growth forests that are typically high in carbon stock and rich in biodiversity. 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The GFR uses a humid tropical primary rainforest data set, representing forests in the humid tropics that have not been cleared in recent years.\r\n"},"58":{"name":"production forest","description":"A forest where the primary management objective is to produce timber, pulp, fuelwood, and\/or nonwood forest products."},"89":{"name":"production forests","description":"A forest where the primary management objective is to produce timber, pulp, fuelwood, and\/or nonwood forest products.\r\n"},"87":{"name":"seminatural","description":"A managed forest modified by humans, which can have a different species composition from surrounding natural forests.\r\n"},"59":{"name":"seminatural forests","description":"A managed forest modified by humans, which can have a different species composition from surrounding natural forests. "},"96":{"name":"shifting agriculture","description":"Temporary loss or permanent deforestation due to small- and medium-scale agriculture.\r\n"},"103":{"name":"surface roughness","description":"Surface roughness of forests creates\u0026nbsp;turbulence that slows near-surface winds and cools the land as it lifts heat from low-albedo leaves and moisture from evapotranspiration high into the atmosphere and slows otherwise-drying winds. \r\n"},"17":{"name":"tree cover","description":"All vegetation greater than five meters in height and may take the form of natural forests or plantations across a range of canopy densities. Unless otherwise specified, the GFR uses greater than 30 percent tree canopy density for calculations.\r\n"},"71":{"name":"tree cover canopy density is low","description":"Less than 30 percent tree canopy density.\r\n"},"60":{"name":"tree cover gain","description":"The establishment of tree canopy in an area that previously had no tree cover. 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As such, loss does not equate to deforestation.\r\n"},"150":{"name":"tree crops","description":"Stand of perennial trees that produce agricultural products, such as rubber, oil palm, coffee, coconut, cocoa and orchards."},"19":{"name":"tree plantation","description":"An agricultural plantation of fast-growing tree species on short rotations for the production of timber, pulp, or fruit.\r\n"},"72":{"name":"tree plantations","description":"An agricultural plantation of fast-growing tree species on short rotations for the production of timber, pulp, or fruit.\r\n"},"85":{"name":"trees outside forests","description":"Trees found in urban areas, alongside roads, or within agricultural land\u0026nbsp;are often referred to as Trees Outside Forests (TOF).\u202f\r\n"},"151":{"name":"unmanaged","description":"Naturally regenerated forests without any signs of management, including primary forest."},"105":{"name":"unmanaged natural forests","description":"Naturally regenerated forests without any signs of management, including primary forest.\r\n"}}}